Kholopy had to do one labor ordered by the proprietor, as well as was indeed are not made to really works the new home otherwise fulfill administrative employment. However their debt cannot oppose the guidelines of your Chapel, which controlled daily life. 17 As the all-russian Orthodox Christians had been required to attend mass with the Vacations, to see lent, and you can acknowledge regularly (legitimately implemented because 1716), nobody was easily able to avoid the Church’s manage. Before the rule out-of Peter We, Orthodox parishes were slightly short, spanning just a few hundred men and women which means enabling handle by the regional priests. Lords otherwise positives were held accountable for its servants after the Chapel regulations.
The fresh “Domostroi,” 18 a widely used guide regarding house rules, informed your mind away from a family to save their servants outfitted and you may better-provided, to ensure obedience because of the praising a great really works and applying punishment (that could tend Visittsted to be beating) only when necessary. Feminine was to feel punished by the partner. Your head of one’s home was also informed to guide their spouse, college students, and servants inside the combined prayer every night and you can visit bulk using them towards the Vacations. He had been admonished facing all sins and recommended to help you invite priests often.
If the a beneficial roba got sex along with her proprietor and had a baby, both of them would be to be provided for the fresh bishop to have wisdom
In which did they alive? Russians during the early the past few years resided towards the arrived properties titled dvor (literally: yard) that were surrounded by walls and usually appeared multiple structures-the latest residence building izba, stables, independent property getting chill and dry shop, and a bathhouse (bania). The folks living in particularly good dvor must accept the fresh rulings of property owner (khoziain). For quite some time, the latest dvor has also been the essential device for taxing rural communities and you may urban area populations. On the commendable properties and you may locations, there have been and wood households which have several floor; two-story domiciles was basically prominent into the Moscow regarding seventeenth century. Brand new servants mainly lived on to the floor flooring, and that as a rule didn’t have windows. Among the jobs was to take care of the flame regarding the heating system, which hot the house because of the heavens correspondingly having its exhaust cigarette smoking. Servants together with lived-in industry stalls leftover from the musicians and you can resellers as it was not preferred to sell items inside the a person’s home. 19
What did they eat? 20 With regards to the “Domostroi,” servants were to become provided good enough. Whenever boyars expelled some of the kholopy from their dvor during the days of lack to keep for the provides, these people were punished. You will find a meal steps, obviously: table instructions and you may lists from expenditures tell us just what tsar therefore the patriarch had to their tables, exactly what did the new servants eat? The belief that they “tasted” when they been able to seems sensible.
Government Off Kholopstvo
The legally free people of Russia, this new large and reduced nobility, providing some body (sluzhilye liudi) of all of the positions, resellers and musicians (posadskie liudi), as well as peasants and you will kholopy on their own could use the service off a kholop to own a specified or limitless time period. Women you will individual kholopy also-always of the inheritance as stated significantly more than, and also because of buy. That point away from a finite kholopstvo is actually laid out in many years.
Early in the new 15th century, many people marketed by themselves as well as their family by using the formula “of the my tend to,” in later offer, that it formula is absent. Until the annexation out-of Novgorod Velikii by the Moscow into the 1478, many individuals were bought and sold without having any formal handle otherwise subscription. Up until the annexation, the new operating phrasings point out significantly more individual conclusion, thereafter in order to more control from the officials. After the fresh sixteenth century, brand new main bodies in Moscow purchased another type of subscription of all of the kholopy throughout the territory out-of Novgorod Velikii.